Usually in females the male hormone which is androgen, is present in small amounts. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition in which the male hormone is in an abnormal amount. Polycystic ovary syndrome is nowadays everyone known as PCOS. there are numerous fluid-filled sacs ( cysts). These sacs form in the ovaries.
In normal ovulation – When the ovary releases a mature egg, ovulation occurs. If the egg is fertilized by the sperm pregnancy occurs. If the egg is not fertilized then it is sent out by the body during periods.
What happens in PCOS?
Women cannot make enough of the hormones that are required for ovulation. So ovaries start developing many small cysts. By these cysts, the male hormone androgen is produced. In the blood reports usually the androgen is high with PCOS. Again this causes more problems with the menstrual cycle.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects an estimated 8–13% of reproductive-aged women.
Up to 70% of affected women remain undiagnosed worldwide. ( https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/polycystic-ovary-syndromegad_source=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIvqGGoab3hQMVVsNMAh3pbgCuEAAYASAAEgLSefD_BwE)
Symptoms of PCOS
- Irregular periods ( heavy, long, unpredictable, or absent )
- Ovaries are large or have many cysts
- Infertility
- Male pattern baldness
- Thinning of hair
- Acne
- Weight gain, especially belly
- Hirsutism
- Dark or thick skin patches on the back of the neck
Women with PCOS are more likely to have health conditions like:
1.Type 2 diabetes
2. Heart disease
3. High cholesterol
4. Hypertension
5. Endometrial cancer
PCOS can also cause depression, anxiety, and a negative body image. Infertility, obesity, and unwanted hair growth can lead to social stigma.
How to diagnose?
History- Presence of at least two out of three: unwanted facial or bodily hair.
irregular or absent menstrual periods.
Polycystic ovaries on USG scan.
A common treatment for PCOS :
Lifestyle changes
Medications
Surgical interventions
Management of specific symptoms
Healthy /Balanced diet with a focus on whole foods, lean protein, and healthy fats.
Regular exercises like yoga, resistance training, and running /jogging to regulate menstrual cycles and enhance well-being.
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